Catch up on the latest experience sampling studies from November in this list. The articles are organized as follows:
- Adolescent Studies
- Alcohol & Drugs
- Diet & Nutrition
- General Psychological Topics
- Medical Topics
- Organizational/Work Psychology
- Physical Activity
- Physiological Sensors
- Psychopathy
- Psychotherapy
- Smoking Cessation
- Statistics/Methodology
Adolescent Studies
This EMA study analyzed the behavior of adolescents when they observed others using drugs. By monitoring the youth’s contact with people using drugs and their behavior for 38 days, the researchers found that, “adolescents were more likely to engage in antisocial behavior on days when they witnessed others using substances.”
Factors Associated With Younger Adolescents’ Exposure to Online Alcohol Advertising.
This EMA study followed 485 youth for 2 weeks and monitored their exposure to alcohol advertising. They found that 17% reported seeing an online ad for alcohol, while 44.8% saw video game ads and 26.6% saw banner/side ads. Common factors related to greater exposure included being older, Black, and more rebellious. Since online alcohol ad exposure is connected to drinking behavior, it is important to establish healthy behavior in youth while they are young.
In this experience sampling, the researchers tried to determine whether higher cognitive control was connected to lower hassle reactivity for adolescents with a strong hedonic orientation. By monitoring 149 boys for 2 weeks, they found that the more hedonic-oriented an individual was, the lower their hassle reactivity, but only if they had high cognitive control.
Jealousy in adolescents’ daily lives: How does it relate to interpersonal context and well-being?
In this experience sampling study, jealous in daily life was analyzed in 68 adolescents over two weekends. They found that adolescents experienced more jealousy in online contexts than in face-to-face peer contexts, while 90% of the adolescents reported jealousy in 20% of the assessments.
Alcohol & Drugs
This cue-reactivity EMA study analyze the associations between alcohol use, cigarette craving, and stress reactivity after exposure to smoking/stress cues. They found that alcohol use in the past hour was associated with increased cigarette craving and stress reactivity. This study shows that alcohol use may increase risk for smoking and relapse
Diet & Nutrition
This experience sampling study analyzed the negative emotions that lead up to binge eating for both men and women. They found that changes in negative emotion and emotional regulation difficulties predicted binge eating for women, while trait impulsivity also predicted binge eating for men. Additionally, overeating did not have any relationship with those factors.
In this EMA study, contextual factors that influence obesity in women were analyzed for 14 days. They found that the most important contextual factors were living without weight scales/fitness equipment, working in a place with exposure to food, and being at home. These contexts may give valuable insights about behaviors/interventions to improve weight management.
General Psychological Topics
Bored in the USA: Experience Sampling and Boredom in Everyday Life.
This study implemented experience sampling with over 3500 adults to analyze boredom in everyday life. They found that subjects reported boredom in 2.3% of the 30 minute sampling periods, and boredom was associated with negative emotions and situations presenting little engagement.
This future ambulatory assessment study will assess the effect of psychological skills training and mindfulness-based intervention on sports performance. They believe that these techniques will improve function behavior in athletes.
Daily deviations in anger, guilt, and sympathy: A developmental diary study of aggression.
This daily diary study analyzed 4 and 8 year olds’ anger and aggressive behavior. They found that daily anger was associated with more aggression, guilt weakened this association, and sympathy did not moderate the anger-aggression relationship.
How the Social Ecology and Social Situation Shape Individuals’ Affect Valence and Arousal.
This experience sampling study collected data on social interactions in 150 adults for 9 weeks. They found that higher familiarity, higher importance, and same-gender composition were associated with higher arousal and more positive valence. Furthermore, age moderated the associations between importance and affect arousal and also between type of social partner and core affect.
Medical Topics
In this daily diary study, the relationship between sleep quality and numerous other factors including subsequent day pain, affect, physical function, and pain catastrophizing was analyzed. Patients with chronic low back pain completed diaries five times per day for two weeks and rated their pain, affect, physical function, and pain catastrophizing. They found that poorer sleep quality was related to higher pain, negative affect, and pain catastrophizing and poorer physical function.
This daily diary study followed 35 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy to see if the diary method was suitable for studying health-related quality of life. They found that the daily diary method provided data with adequate fit and it may be a useful method for this type of study.
Organizational/Work Psychology
Momentary work engagement: Investigating Job Demands-Resources model through experience sampling
This dissertation used experience sampling to evaluate motivation at work moment to moment and day to day. He found that momentary work engagement was positively related to weekly work engagement, and that smartphone momentary assessment was a useful tool for studying engagement at work.
This daily diary study examined boredom at work and found that boredom from one day can spill over into the next, creating negative work attitudes and decreasing intrinsic motivation. This can create a longer lasting type of boredom.
How negative social interactions at work seep into the home: A prosocial and an antisocial pathway
This ambulatory assessment study measured participants’ affect, cortisol levels, and negative social interactions at home and at work in couples for 7 days. They found that socially stressful days increased negative affect at work which spilled over into the home.
This study used experience sampling to monitor service employees’ responses to customer mistreatment. They found that customer mistreatment increases service workers’ work withdrawal behavior (WWB) and work-family conflict (WFC), while workers with higher self-evaluations and customer service training were less likely to experience WWB or WFC.
This EMA study followed 24 outpatients with a Major Depressive Disorder twice a day for 5 months. They found a decrease in instability of psychological states after the initial two weeks. They believe this was due to the EMA follow-ups themselves.
Physical Activity
Exercise versus Nonexercise Activity: E-diaries Unravel Distinct Effects on Mood.
In this ambulatory assessment study, physical activity (exercise and nonexercise activity) and mood were continuously monitored in 106 adults for 7 days. They found that exercise increased valence and calmness, while nonexercise activity (such as climbing stairs) decreased calmness and increased energetic arousal.
Physiological Sensors
This article is a review of mobile health tools. mHealth encompasses many different assessments, including ecological momentary assessment, and this review describes the emerging field, advantages/disadvantages, and different uses for mHealth tools.
This ESM study monitored symptoms, affect, and activity management patterns in 23 adults for 6 days. They found that fatigue-related symptoms and pain predicted higher patient activity limitation, while overall symptom experiences may affect patient activity management patterns.
Dispositional Self-Control: Relationships with Aerobic Capacity and Morning Surge in Blood Pressure.
This ambulatory assessment measured self-control, morning blood pressure surge, and maximum oxygen consumption to determine the effect of self-control on cardiovascular risk. They found that high self-control was related to a higher maximum oxygen consumption and a lower morning blood pressure surge.
Psychopathy
This 7 day study used EMA to evaluate depressed veterans and how they used experiential avoidance (EA). They found that when the veterans employed more EA, they experienced impaired positive and negative emotional reactivity.
The Temporal Deployment of Emotion Regulation Strategies during Negative Emotional Episodes
This study used daily diaries to analyze how participants experienced negative emotions and regulated those emotions over time. They found that rumination was positively associated with negative emotion at the end of an episode more so than the beginning, while reappraisal was negatively associated with negative emotion at the beginning.
A naturalistic examination of negative affect and disorder-related rumination in anorexia nervosa.
This ecological momentary assessment study followed individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and without an eating disorder for 14 days. They found that AN patients thought about body shape, weight, and food more often than the control group. This suggests that momentary negative affect (as compared to baseline depression/anxiety symptoms) are positively related to more rumination in patients.
This daily diary study analyzed the effect of adding another medication on top of a large medication schedule in older adults. They found that individuals did not take the medications prescribed because they wanted to preserve self. They felt controlled by their illness and medications and tried to avoid that feeling.
This EMA study followed 20 female adolescents with anorexia nervosa for 2 days. They found that the AN patients had more aversive tension which was positively related to food intake. This also suggests that aversive tension should be researched in regard to disordered eating.
The Temporal Deployment of Emotion Regulation Strategies During Negative Emotional Episodes.
This daily diary study investigated emotion regulation strategies, specifically in regard to negative emotional experience. They found that rumination was positively associated with negative emotion, while reappraisal and distraction were negatively associated. Furthermore, they found that timing is important while studying emotion regulation.
This EMA study evaluated mood, energy, and suicidal thoughts in bipolar patients for about 60 days. They found that energy, whether high or low, was a better predictor of suicidal thoughts than mood was.
This EMA study analyzed the emotions before and after nonsuicidal self-injury in patients with borderline personality disorder. They found that an increase in negative emotion predicted NSSI, while NSSI further increased negative emotion after the act. This study gives insight as to the cyclic nature of NSSI.
This study utilized experience sampling methodology to see long term effects (4 months) of the frequency of anger and the social expression of anger on depression symptoms. They found that social expression of anger predicted lower depression symptoms when anger was used infrequently, but increased depression symptoms when anger was used often.
Identification of Mental States and Interpersonal Functioning in Borderline Personality Disorder.
This experience sampling study examined three mental state ID measures and their associations with interpersonal functioning for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and avoidant personality disorder (APD). They found that individuals with BPD had a lower anger threshold while both BPD and APD groups had higher alexithymia scores.
This study utilized experience sampling methodology to analyze depression, rumination, worry, and time-focused cognitions in individuals with PTSD. They found that current-focused cognitions revealed a relationship between worry and anxiety, while worry mediated the relationship between rumination/anxiety and rumination mediated the relationship between worry/depression.
Psychotherapy
This ESM study evaluated participants as they went through short term therapy for their depression. They found that mood, cognition, physical functioning, positive affect, and resiliency all greatly improved over time, which also exemplifies the importance of ESM in psychotherapy research.
This future study will segment participants with mild to moderate depressive symptoms into three groups: a control group, a group responding to mood EMA prompts, and a group responding to energy EMA prompts. They hope to determine whether or not EMA causes assessment reactivity in individuals with mild depression.
This future study will analyze the effectiveness of experience sampling method intervention for caregivers of people with dementia. The trial will analyze 90 caregivers for 6 weeks with ESM intervention with and without feedback. They hope to evaluate credibility, generalizability, and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
Smoking Cessation
In this EMA study, researchers found that socioeconomically disadvantaged adults that wore nicotine patches in the first week of trying to quit were more likely to be abstinent at the 4 and 12 week post-quit marks. They concluded that wearing nicotine patches early in the quit attempt will increase the likelihood of smoking cessation at later dates.
This EMA study analyzed situational factors that affect smoking in young Korean Americans. They found that being outside, socializing, consuming alcohol, and experiencing stress all increased the occurrence of smoking events.
Statistics/Methodology
This ESM study used dynamic factor analysis to analyze the reliability of the ESM data from a 7 day study on positive and negative affect. They found that one-third of the participants did not meet reliability standards, which could partly be explained by model misspecification.